Once “bumps” appear in the area of ​​the joints of the wrist and fingers, on the foot, they may not cause concern to a person for a long time. In such cases, most often we are talking about hygroma.

A doctor is usually consulted in cases where the lump begins to increase in size and hurt. And the most imprudent option is to listen to your “all-knowing” friends and start squeezing out the hygroma. Horrible pain and the risk of joint inflammation are almost inevitable. What is hygroma, how to treat it correctly - this knowledge will allow you to get rid of the problem in time and avoid its reappearance.

A hygroma is a cystic lump that forms near a joint and is benign. The formation is surrounded by a dense membrane associated with the synovial joint capsule or vagina, and is filled with serous fluid.

When taking it for microscopic examination (hygroma puncture), mucus and fibrin inclusions may be detected, which gives the contents of the cyst a jelly-like character. The cystic cavity is always connected to the synovial bursa.

Most often, hygroma forms in the area of ​​the wrist joint, somewhat less often - on the fingers and toes and in the ankle area. It is extremely rare that a cystic formation forms in the armpit, on the knee joint and elbow.

In this case, one or several compactions (multi-chamber hygroma) with a diameter of up to 3 cm are detected. The cystic formation, dense to the touch, is inactive due to fixation to the joint capsule.

Usually the cyst grows extremely slowly, but there is a rapid increase in size due to the influence of provoking factors (trauma, inflammation).

Hygroma is diagnosed at any age and in most cases does not pose a threat of cancerous degeneration. Causing aesthetic discomfort, even small hygroma can cause pain and problems with wearing shoes.

Causes of hygroma, symptoms

No reliably determined cause of hygroma has been identified. There are several theories in the medical community about this:

• Inflammatory - a scar forms at the site of damage (rupture) of the synovial bursa, but uneven load leads to uneven protrusion of the membrane and its extension beyond the tendon capsule.
• Tumor - hygroma is perceived as a benign neoplasm with uncontrolled dividing cells of the synovial membrane. In this case, the growth of atypical cells is directed towards the tissues surrounding the joint.
• Dysmetabolic - the process of synovial fluid synthesis is disrupted. Its increased secretion leads to bulging of the capsule and the formation of a cystic formation.

Hygromas are predisposed to the formation of:

• Monotonous activities related to fine motor skills - working at the computer, sewing and embroidery, playing musical instruments (piano, violin);
• Fractures, bruises and dislocations (especially with inadequate treatment and insufficient rehabilitation) - excessive load on the joint leads to damage to the joint capsule;
• Long-term microtrauma of joints - playing tennis, badminton, golf;
• Hereditary predisposition - frequent dislocations and inflammatory diseases of the joints in relatives in previous generations.
• There are often cases when hygroma occurs for no apparent reason.

The disease manifests itself as a small round or irregularly shaped lump. Characteristic signs of hygroma:

1. Clear connection with the joint - the seal is inactive;
2. Small size - from 5 mm the neoplasm grows to 3 cm, hygromas measuring 5-6 cm are rarely diagnosed;
3. The skin over the tumor is not changed;
4. The neoplasm is painless, aching pain occurs when pressure is applied.

Depending on the location of the tumor formation, specific symptoms are added to the above signs.

Hygroma of the wrist and fingers

In addition to aesthetic discomfort, a hygroma on the arm, especially when it reaches a large size, can cause compression of nearby vessels and nerves.

The seal can move under the skin along with the joint sheath or be motionless, provided it grows from the synovial capsule. With prolonged pressure on a cyst formed from the joint capsule, a small depression forms on the surface.

Characteristic features of hygroma of different localization:

Hygroma of the wrist(back or palmar surface of the joint) - occurs most often. With growing compaction, compression of the radial artery is possible, which is manifested by increasing pain in the thumb.

Treatment of wrist hygroma without surgery with home remedies is fraught with an increase in the size of the tumor and compression of the nerves.

Damage to the ulnar nerve is manifested by increasing pain and numbness of the skin of the middle finger, little finger and ring finger with prolonged flexion. When the radial nerve is compressed, sensitivity in the thumb, index and middle fingers decreases.

The posterior interosseous nerve produces decreased sensation on the dorsum of the wrist and hand. Compression of the palmar nerve leads to low skin sensitivity of the thumb, middle, index fingers and the underlying part of the palm.

Cystic formations on the back of the hand reach no more than 2 cm. Growing from articular capsules (intercarpal and carpometacarpal joints), such a hygroma on the hand is quite dense and practically motionless. Compression of nerves and blood vessels occurs extremely rarely.

Hygroma of the fingers- often multiple, small, immobile formations that can form along the entire length of the fingers. They cause a person strong feelings in terms of aesthetics and reduce performance.

Hygroma on the leg (knees, feet, toes)

Hygroma on the leg can form on both large knee joints and small ones (foot). The symptomatic picture depends on the location of the cystic formation.

Hygroma of the knee() - the result of long-term arthrosis or rheumatoid arthritis; it may appear after untreated intra-articular hematomas. A rounded compaction up to 10 cm in size is formed in the popliteal, or less commonly, lateral area of ​​the joint.

In the popliteal fossa, the hygroma is difficult to palpate. Long-term compression of the hygroma leads to its temporary softening: the cystic fluid migrates into the joint cavity.

A Baker's cyst reduces the angle of knee flexion. When bending with force, weakness of the calf muscles appears. “Running” goose bumps are replaced by increasing pain, the skin turns pale. A similar picture indicates compression of the tibial and peroneal nerves and the popliteal artery.

Hygroma of the foot- weakness of the foot with flat feet often leads to the formation of capsular cysts on the sole. Very dense, immobile formations are often perceived as bone growths.

Cystic formation on the ankle- occur against the background of serious injuries (tendon rupture, sprains, dislocations). The clinic of vascular compression does not appear due to the developed circulatory system.

Compression of the nerves is likely, leading to decreased motor activity (weakness) and partial loss of sensation in the foot.

Hygroma on the toe- an initially painless lump that is compressed by shoes when walking. Trauma leads not only to pain that intensifies with movement, but also to an inflammatory reaction of surrounding tissues.

The skin over the hygroma turns red, swelling and a slight increase in local temperature appear. Even a slight growth of such a tumor is fraught with compression of nerves and blood vessels.

Hygroma in children - features

The appearance of cystic formations in the joint area in children is associated with either low or excessive physical activity. Elastic tendons and ligaments in childhood are most susceptible to stretching, and muscle weakness leads to even greater stress on the joint.

Hygroma in childhood often forms on the back of the hand and palmar surface of the wrist, under the knee or on the sole. Intrauterine formation of hygromas is not excluded. Treatment of hygroma without surgery is impossible even in children.

In any case, surgical excision is necessary: ​​under the age of 10 years - under general anesthesia, in older children - with local anesthesia.

Treatment of hygroma - techniques, surgery

No matter how much a person with hygroma would like to, it is impossible to avoid surgery. No drug can even reduce the size of a cyst. Only surgical removal of the hygroma eliminates its reappearance and prevents the development of purulent bursitis/tenosynovitis.

• Crushing the hygroma

It is especially dangerous to use the technique of squashing the cyst. In the best case, the cystic fluid will move into the joint cavity, and after some time the hygroma will reappear.

In the worst case of this treatment, the cyst shell ruptures and further inflammation occurs, up to a purulent process. In this case, crushing the cyst causes unbearable pain.

• Drug treatment

In cases of inflammation that has begun (special crushing or involuntary compression during movement), treatment of hygroma begins with drug therapy.

For the treatment of aseptic inflammation with hygroma (moderate pain, absence of complete stiffness in the joint, temperature up to 37.5ºC) the following are used:

1. NSAID drugs - Nimesil tablets for 1 week. and Diclofenac ointment for 2 weeks;
2. Antihistamines - Bravegil, Clemastine 7-10 days;
3. Corticosteroids - topically in the form of an ointment (the best is Diprosalik), used for no more than 1 week. to avoid the development of skin atrophy;
4. Physiotherapy - UHF, magnetic therapy, salt baths.

Purulent inflammation with a ruptured hygroma is accompanied by intense throbbing pain, hyperthermia up to 40.0ºC and significant joint stiffness.

At the same time, none of the modern antibiotics can neutralize the rapidly developing purulent process. Treatment of purulent inflammation is always surgical with antibiotic therapy in the postoperative period.

• Hygroma puncture

Sometimes surgeons perform a puncture of the hygroma and pump out the fluid. However, this procedure is more relevant in terms of temporary relief of the condition (the cyst will definitely grow again), as well as for differentiating a lump from oncology, and identifying purulent inflammation.

Simultaneous injection of a sclerosing agent into the cyst cavity is not always effective. It is possible that sclerosant gets into the joint cavity and develops an adhesive process, leading to immobilization of the joint.

• Operation - removal of hygroma

In cases of significant size of the hygroma, symptoms of compression of nerves and blood vessels, as well as in case of purulent inflammation, a planned or emergency operation is required.

Surgical treatment of hygroma of the wrist, knee and foot is carried out under local anesthesia (with the exception of children under 10 years old), through a small incision.

The operation to excise the cyst along with the capsule (it is necessary to remove all its parts to avoid re-growth) takes 20-30 minutes, is quite easily tolerated by the patient and does not require long-term hospitalization.

Only with purulent inflammation, inpatient treatment, including injections of antibiotics, continues until complete recovery. To quickly restore joint function and prevent the development of adhesions, massage and physical therapy are prescribed.

Forecast

With hygroma, especially with small tumors without signs of compression, doctors give a favorable prognosis. There is no need to be afraid of surgery: minimally traumatic surgery guarantees the disappearance of the cyst forever.

Self-treatment and, especially, crushing the hygroma at home is fraught with serious consequences, long-term treatment, and sometimes residual stiffness of the joint.

Thank you

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

Hygroma(ganglion) is a cyst, always located in the joint area and formed by a dense closed capsule filled with liquid contents. In other words, a hygroma is a bag of fluid, which in medical language is called an accumulation of fluid of a serous-mucosal or serous-fibrinous nature inside a dense bag. Cysts are also called tumor-like or tumor-like formations, because they look similar to benign tumors, but in fact have completely different properties and anatomical structure.

The hygroma bursa may consist of an area of ​​bulging synovial membrane of the joint or of connective tissue formed from the sheath of the tendon that strengthens the joint. This means that the hygroma always forms in the immediate vicinity of the joint and is an organ-specific cyst that is not found in any other organs or tissues. Liquid containing proteins, mucus, fibrin and some other components accumulates inside the bag. Depending on which components predominate in the liquid filling the hygroma bag, it can have a different consistency - from liquid to jelly-like.

In the development of hygroma, an important role is played by inflammation of the joint capsule or its parts (bursitis, synovitis, etc.), as well as trauma and stretching of the tendons that fix and hold various muscles in the joint area. It is the inflammation or stretching of the anatomical structures related to the joint that causes a local disruption of their properties with the formation of a protrusion, which forms a hygroma capsule. Gradually, this capsule fills with fluid, which is soaked from the surrounding tissues or produced by the cells of the inside of the capsule, and a hygroma is formed.

Hygroma - general characteristics and varieties

Hygroma has the appearance of a rounded dense ball, which can be slightly shifted to the side under the skin. To the touch the cyst has an elastic structure. The skin over the hygroma has a constant pattern, but, as a rule, thickened and flaky. If the hygroma is small, then the skin over it is often completely normal.

According to the anatomical structure, a hygroma is a cyst formed from the synovial bursa of a joint or from the tendon sheath, through which the muscles are attached to the bones in the joint area. That is, hygroma is formed from tissues located either in the structure of the joint or in the immediate vicinity of it. This explains the fact that these cysts are always localized in the joint area.

Hygroma can form in two main ways. The first possible mechanism for the formation of hygroma is as follows: a crack or small tear forms in the dense fibrous capsule of the joint, isolating it from surrounding tissues. Through the resulting hole, the synovial membrane begins to protrude, covering the dense fibrous capsule from the inside. When a sufficiently large part of the synovial membrane protrudes through a crack in the fibrous capsule of the joint, a free cavity is formed, which is gradually filled with fluid. Typically, the fluid comes from the joint. When the entire protrusion is filled with fluid, the hygroma will be fully formed and will begin to bulge under the skin in the form of a round, dense ball in the joint area. Such hygromas are called synovial cysts and form near large joints, such as the knee, elbow, etc.

The second mechanism for the formation of hygromas is associated with the formation of a capsule of connective tissue present on the bones in the immediate vicinity of the joints. The fact is that muscles are attached to bones using tendons. Moreover, each tendon in the area of ​​direct connection with the bone has a sheath formed by connective tissue. It is these connective tissue tendon sheaths that are the substrate for the formation of the cystic cavity of the hygroma.

Tendon sheaths can become injured, inflamed and destroyed, resulting in loose pieces of connective tissue. These pieces form a cavity into which fluid from blood and lymphatic vessels penetrates. Fluid is also produced by some cells lining the inner surface of the cystic cavity. When the cavity is completely filled with liquid, a formed hygroma appears. These types of hygromas are called myxoid cysts and are formed in the area of ​​small joints, such as the wrist, interphalangeal, etc.

Thus, there are two types of hygromas - myxoid and synovial. However, they differ from each other only in the mechanism of formation and localization, and the principles of treatment and clinical symptoms for cysts of both types are the same. And since the synovial membrane and tendon sheaths are present in the area of ​​each joint, hygromas can be localized near any joint. However, most often cysts form on the dorsum of the wrist joint.

Inside the cystic cavity of the hygroma there is a fluid containing proteins, fibrin and mucus. In some cases, the hygroma fluid contains an admixture of blood. As the cyst continues to exist, its contents become increasingly dense, since the volume of water remains the same, and the amount of protein, fibrin and mucus increases. Therefore, small hygromas, as a rule, contain a thick jelly-like mass inside, and relatively large ones contain a yellowish liquid mixed with blood, fibrin threads, cholesterol crystals and so-called rice bodies.

Hygromas can form in people of any age, including children and the elderly. However, most often these cysts form in people 20–30 years old. Moreover, women have a greater tendency to develop hygromas compared to men.

Hygromas are not dangerous because they never become malignant and do not turn into a cancerous tumor. If someone encounters a malignant hygroma, this means that he was misdiagnosed and in fact there was a completely different tumor.

Since the hygroma is not dangerous, it can be left alone provided that it does not cause concern. However, the cyst often provokes pain due to compression of surrounding tissues, and also reduces freedom of movement in the joint. In these cases, it is recommended to remove the hygroma.

Hygroma - photo

Hygroma on the wrist.

Hygroma in the area of ​​the interphalangeal joint of the thumb.

Hygroma in children

Hygroma in children is no different from that in adults, since it has identical properties and is localized in the same areas. In childhood, hygromas are formed, as a rule, against the background of joint injuries and excessive physical exertion associated with training, competitions or heavy physical labor. The principles of therapy and rehabilitation in children are the same as in adults, so it is not advisable to separately consider hygromas of childhood.

Causes

The exact reasons for the appearance of hygromas have not been established, so there are several theories, each of which explains only one aspect and does not cover other nuances associated with the process of cyst formation. These theories are of interest to doctors and researchers, but they are almost never used in practical medicine.

For practicing physicians, knowledge of a number of factors that can contribute to the formation of hygroma is of greater importance. Such factors include chronic inflammatory diseases of the tissues of the joint capsule of the tendon sheaths of the muscles, such as:

• Tenosynovitis;

With long-term, sluggish listed inflammatory diseases, the formation of a cyst shell occurs, which is gradually filled with fluid leaking from numerous small blood vessels. As a result, the capsule fills and a hygroma is formed.

In addition, a predisposing factor for hygroma is frequent and prolonged injury, compression and overstrain of any joint or tissues around it. This factor is the leading factor in the formation of hygroma in people whose work involves frequent injuries, compression or overstrain of the joint (for example, typists, pianists, cooks, laundresses, etc.).

Hygroma of the wrist joint very often occurs in women after childbirth, as they begin to lift the child by sticking their palms into his armpits, which leads to severe strain on the wrist. In addition, hygromas on the joints of the feet often form in men and women when wearing tight and constrictive shoes.

Separately, it is worth noting any previous joint surgery as a predisposing factor for the formation of hygroma.

Symptoms of Hygroma

Regardless of location, all hygromas are characterized by a spectrum of similar clinical manifestations, which may have different nuances when the cyst is localized in the area of ​​a particular joint.

Clinical manifestations are mainly determined by the size of the hygroma. Moreover, the following pattern is characteristic of hygromas: the larger the cyst, the more pronounced the symptoms and the more varied the person’s complaints.

Small hygromas do not cause any inconvenience to a person and do not manifest clinical symptoms. The main complaint of people with small cysts is their unaesthetic appearance. However, as the hygroma increases, it begins to compress the surrounding tissues, nerves and blood vessels, which is manifested by a constantly present dull pain of a nagging nature. The pain intensifies when the joint in the area of ​​which the hygroma is located is tense. For example, if the cyst is located in the area of ​​the wrist joint, then the pain will intensify when stirring something in a container (for example, sugar in tea, cake cream in a bowl, etc.), lifting heavy objects, etc. If the hygroma is located in the area of ​​the knee joint, then the pain will intensify when walking, standing for long periods of time, running, etc.

If the hygroma strongly compresses the blood vessels and nerves, then the person will experience impaired sensitivity and mobility in areas of the body located further than the affected joint. For example, if the hygroma is localized on the wrist, then sensitivity and mobility will be impaired in the entire hand, etc. Sensory disorders can be of two types:
1. Hyperesthesia(increased sensitivity of the skin, in which even light touches seem unpleasant, painful, etc.).
2. Paresthesia(feeling of goosebumps, numbness of the skin, etc.).

In addition to sensory disturbances, a large hygroma can cause constant neuralgic pain due to compression of the nerve, as well as venous stagnation and deterioration of blood microcirculation in areas located further than the affected joint. Impaired microcirculation and venous congestion lead to constant paleness and coldness of the skin.

Externally, hygroma of any localization looks like a rounded bulge covered with skin. If you shine a flashlight on the cyst in complete darkness, you can see that it is a translucent bubble filled with some kind of liquid.

The skin over the hygromas usually has an unchanged pattern, but becomes thinner and colored in relatively dark shades. If a person’s joint area is subjected to compression and trauma, the skin over the hygroma may be thickened and rough, or even flaky. When palpated, the skin over the hygroma is mobile and soft enough, so it can easily be moved away from the cyst to the side. If the cyst becomes inflamed, the skin over it becomes red and swollen, and even light pressure on the formation causes pain.

The hygroma itself is painless and quite mobile when palpated, since it can be slightly moved in any direction. The surface of the formation is smooth, and the consistency is soft or densely elastic. By lightly tapping one side of the hygroma, fluctuations can be detected. To do this, a finger is placed on the surface of the hygroma on one side, and light blows are applied to the wall of the cyst on the other. In this case, the fluid present in the cyst hits the opposite wall, and a finger placed on its surface feels this movement.

Brief description of hygromas of various localizations

Let us consider the features of the development and manifestations of hygromas localized in the area of ​​various joints.

Hygroma of the wrist (wrist joint)

Hygroma of the wrist (wrist joint) can be localized on the dorsal and palmar sides. Hygroma most often forms on the back of the wrist. A cyst is a sac filled with fluid, which is almost invisible at first, but gradually bulges more and more. The dimensions of the wrist hygroma are 3–6 cm in diameter.

It is formed from prolonged and constant physical stress on the joint during monotonous work, for example, seamstresses, embroiderers, typists, etc. Also, wrist hygroma can form as a result of an untreated injury.

At first, the cyst does not manifest itself clinically, but after some time, due to compression of the nerves and blood vessels, pain may appear, especially severe in the thumb, and difficulties in the functioning of the hand, for example, poor bending of the fingers, inability to perform precise movements, etc.

Hygroma of the hand

Hygroma of the hand is a bulging nodule on the back of the hand. As a rule, it develops after injuries (bruises or sprains) or against the background of prolonged physical stress on the hand, which may occur in musicians and some athletes (javelin throwing, shot throwing, archery, etc.).

The hygroma of this localization has a small size (no more than 2 cm in diameter), very high density and tension of the walls, and is also practically motionless. Hygroma of the hand does not manifest itself clinically in any way, since it very rarely compresses blood vessels and nerves.

Hygroma on the finger

Hygroma on the finger can be localized on the lateral, palmar or dorsal surfaces. Moreover, on the back of the finger, hygromas are much smaller than those on the palmar surface. The formation on the back side is dense, small, and has a regular round shape. As a rule, it does not manifest itself with any symptoms, and only with bruises it can hurt.

Hygroma of the palmar surface of the fingers is large and can spread to two phalanges. Due to its large size, the formation often compresses the nerves, which provokes severe pain, similar to neuralgia.

Very rarely, a hygroma forms in the area where the finger joins the palm. In this case, the formation is very small (maximum 3 - 4 mm in diameter) and painful even with light pressure.

Hygroma on the hand

Hygroma on the hand can be located in the wrist or elbow joint, as well as on the back of the hand, on the palm and on the fingers. Characteristics of hygroma of the wrist, fingers and hand are presented in the sections above, so we will consider only the formation localized in the area of ​​the elbow joint.

Hygroma of the elbow joint usually occurs due to trauma and is small in size. However, due to the fact that there is little soft tissue in the elbow area, even a small hygroma can compress the nerves and blood vessels, which causes prolonged aching, dull pain, as well as impaired sensitivity and movement in the entire arm below the elbow joint.

Hygroma of the knee joint (popliteal)

Hygroma of the knee joint (popliteal) is also called Baker's cyst, and usually develops against the background of rheumatoid arthritis, arthrosis and hematomas in the joint cavity. Most often, the cyst bulges in the area under the knee, since it is in this part that there is enough free space to place the formation between the skin and the structures of the joint. In very rare cases, the cyst bulges on the side of the knee, and almost never occurs on the front.

The size of the knee joint hygroma is quite large - up to 8 - 10 cm in diameter. When you press on the surface of the cyst, it softens as the fluid goes into the cavity of the knee joint. However, after some time, the hygroma becomes tense and dense again as the fluid returns.

Knee hygroma interferes with normal movement, flexion and extension of the leg. In addition, the formation compresses the nerves, which causes weakness and pain in the muscles of the lower leg, as well as paleness of the skin below the knee and a crawling sensation.

Hygroma of the ankle joint

Hygroma of the ankle joint is rarely formed, as a rule, only as a result of severe traumatic damage to the periarticular tissues (rupture, tendon sprain, dislocation, etc.). The cyst is usually small, but due to the small amount of soft tissue in this area, it often compresses the nerves and blood vessels, which is manifested by pain, impaired sensitivity and mobility of both the entire foot and its toes.

Hygroma of the foot

Hygroma of the foot is formed from prolonged and heavy physical activity associated with both sports and intense work. In addition, a cyst of this localization is formed quite often due to compression and trauma to the tissues by uncomfortable, constricting and tight shoes. Hygroma on the foot often hurts due to the need to wear shoes.

Hygroma on the leg

Hygroma on the leg can be localized in the area of ​​the ankle or knee joints, as well as the back or plantar side of the foot. The characteristics of these formations are described in the relevant sections.

Hygroma of the neck

Hygroma of the neck is a congenital anomaly of the development of lymphatic vessels in a child. As a rule, hygromas on the neck are combined with congenital malformations of other organs in children. Therefore, if cysts of this localization are detected, you should contact a specialized genetic clinic for consultation and development of optimal treatment tactics. As a rule, hygromas are removed immediately after detection, since these “bumps” can cause suffocation, difficulty swallowing, etc. in the child.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of hygroma is quite simple, since in most cases a simple examination, palpation of the formation and detailed questioning about the circumstances of its appearance are sufficient. If in doubt, the doctor may prescribe a biopsy, computed tomography, x-ray or ultrasound of the formation to confirm or refute the diagnosis of hygroma.

Treatment of hygroma

General principles of therapy

Hygroma can be treated using conservative and surgical methods. Surgical methods include an operation during which the capsule is removed and pathologically altered tissues surrounding the hygroma are excised.

Conservative methods of treating hygroma include the following:

• Hygroma puncture with fluid suction;
• Crushing the hygroma;
• Laser evaporation of hygroma;
• Physiotherapeutic treatment;
• Treatment of hygroma with propolis ointment;
• Traditional methods of treatment.

It should be noted that the only methods of therapy that guarantee complete cure of hygroma with no relapses in the future are laser evaporation and surgery, during which the tumor is removed along with the capsule, and the damaged surrounding tissue is excised. Such radical removal of the hygroma with the capsule, combined with excision of the affected surrounding tissue, ensures that it does not form again in this area for a very long period of time.

All other conservative methods of treating hygroma provide a temporary cure, since after a short period of absence the hygroma appears again. However, conservative treatment methods can reduce pain and ensure normal motor activity and sensitivity of the affected joint, so they can be used as symptomatic therapy.

Currently, doctors believe that it is necessary to surgically remove a hygroma if it grows rapidly, causes pain, or puts pressure on nerves and blood vessels, interfering with normal movements and disrupting sensitivity and blood circulation in the tissues. If the cyst does not hurt, does not increase in size, does not limit movements and does not impair sensitivity, then its surgical removal is carried out only at the request of the person, mainly to eliminate a cosmetic defect. In such situations, the hygroma can be left alone, simply observing the formation and using various conservative methods of therapy aimed at temporarily alleviating the condition.

Removal of hygroma (operation)

Surgical removal of hygroma is usually performed under local anesthesia, which provides excellent pain relief, but at the same time does not eliminate tactile sensitivity, due to which a person feels the doctor’s touch. Sometimes, in addition to pain-relieving injections, the anesthesiologist gives a mask with nitrous oxide, which a person can put on his face himself when he deems it necessary to enhance the effect of anesthesia. In rare cases, when a person cannot tolerate drugs for local anesthesia or when the location of the hygroma is complex, the operation is performed under general anesthesia.

An operation to remove hygroma is mandatory if a person has the following conditions, which are considered absolute indications:

• Pain at rest or with normal movements;
• Sharp limitation of range of motion in the joint;
• Rapid growth of hygroma;
• Unaesthetic appearance.

The operation is performed using conventional or arthroscopic techniques. The usual surgical technique involves making a skin incision over the hygroma, followed by spreading the edges of the wound to the sides and holding them in this position. After this, the upper part of the hygroma capsule is grabbed with forceps and held while the rest of the cyst is cut off from the surrounding tissue with the jaws of scissors. When the cyst is completely cut off from the surrounding tissues, it is pulled out, the edges of the wound are aligned and sutures are applied. Sutures are removed 7–10 days after surgery.

The arthroscopic technique of performing the operation involves introducing special manipulators in the form of long and thin tubes through a small puncture. With one manipulator, the doctor holds the instruments and removes the cyst, cutting it off from the surrounding tissue in the same way as during a normal operation, and the other is attached to a camera and a light source, which ensures that the image is transmitted to the screen. It is on this screen that the doctor sees everything he does.

Arthroscopy is a gentle and less traumatic operation compared to conventional surgery. Therefore, if possible, it is best to remove the hygroma arthroscopically.

Laser removal

Laser removal of hygroma is a modern, low-traumatic method of radical treatment that provides the same effect as surgery. Laser removal of hygroma is performed using local anesthesia to completely eliminate any discomfort during the procedure.

The essence of laser removal of hygroma is to dissect the skin over the cyst with a laser beam and provide access directly to the tumor capsule. After this, the surgeon grabs the capsule with forceps and pulls it up a little. Then a laser beam cuts off the cyst capsule from the tissue, after which it tightens the edges of the wound and applies sutures. The laser cuts through the skin and soft tissues bloodlessly, thereby minimizing trauma, resulting in healing occurring much faster than after conventional surgery.

After laser removal of the hygroma, a sterile bandage must be applied to the joint. In addition, for 2–3 days the joint is fixed with a brace or plaster cast, which provides the most favorable conditions for tissue healing and restoration of their structure, which reduces the risk of relapses and complications to a minimum.

Laser removal of hygroma is cosmetic, since it leaves an almost invisible scar on the skin, which is much more aesthetically pleasing than that after conventional surgery.

Treatment of hygroma without surgery

Treatment of hygroma without surgery involves the use of a variety of conservative methods aimed at eliminating unpleasant symptoms. The most effective conservative method is puncture of the hygroma with suction of fluid. This method allows you to remove the cyst for a while, but in 80% of people it appears again, since the formation shell remains intact.

The method of so-called crushing of the hygroma is not recommended because, firstly, it is very painful, and secondly, it leads to the re-formation of a much larger cyst. The essence of crushing is strong pressure exerted on the cyst, as a result of which its shell bursts and the liquid spreads throughout the tissues. However, after some time, a new full-fledged capsule is again formed from the pieces of the shell, which is filled with liquid and, accordingly, the hygroma appears again.

Physiotherapeutic methods are used to reduce the severity of inflammatory processes in the hygroma, to relieve pain and to neutralize the effects of compression of nearby tissues. The following physiotherapeutic techniques are most effective:

• UHF– improves blood microcirculation and tissue regeneration processes, and also relieves inflammation. It is recommended to do 1 procedure per day lasting 10–12 minutes for 8–10 days.
• Ultrasound– relaxes muscles, improves microcirculation, saturates tissues with oxygen and reduces the severity of inflammation. It is recommended to do 1 procedure per day lasting 10 minutes for 8 – 10 days.
• Magnetic therapy – reduces the severity of inflammation. It is recommended to do 1 procedure per day lasting 10 – 15 minutes for 10 days.
• Paraffin wraps – reduce the severity of inflammation, relieve pain, relieve swelling. It is recommended to do 1 procedure per day lasting 20 minutes for 10 days.

During the entire course of physical therapy, a tight bandage should be applied to the hygroma, and movements and physical activity on the affected joint should be limited. If you follow these recommendations in a gentle manner, the hygroma will stop hurting for a while, and the manifestations of compression of the nerves and blood vessels will disappear.

Another fairly effective method of conservative treatment of hygroma is the regular use of propolis ointment. This method allows you to completely remove the hygroma, but it takes quite a lot of time. For treatment, you should prepare an ointment by mixing two tablespoons of crushed propolis with 100 g of melted butter, and heating this composition over low heat for 3 hours. The finished ointment is filtered, cooled and applied to the hygroma 2 times a day until the cyst is completely resolved.

Wrist hygroma puncture - video

Hygroma of the knee joint (Baker's cyst): description, symptoms and diagnosis, treatment (puncture, removal) - video

Puncture of Baker's cyst (popliteal hygroma) under ultrasound control - video

After removal of the hygroma

After removing the hygroma, it is necessary to immobilize the joint in the area of ​​​​which surgery was performed for several days. To do this, you can apply a plaster splint or brace to the joint. After 2 - 3 days (maximum 5), the fixing bandage should be removed and simple gymnastics should begin, aimed at developing the joint and preventing the formation of adhesions in its cavity, which in the future can make it inactive.

It is very important to start moving the joint 2–3 days after surgery, since during this period the adhesions are still thin and easily torn. And if you leave the joint without movement for 2 - 3 weeks, until the skin has completely fused, then the adhesions inside the joint will harden and become dense, and it will be very difficult and painful to break them. As a result, if a person does not endure the pain associated with rupture of the adhesions, he will have to forever come to terms with the fact that the joint will not move fully.

As gymnastic exercises, you can perform any movements in the joints, trying to achieve maximum amplitude. During movements in the joints, you should not load the muscles by holding dumbbells, heavy objects, etc. in your hands or feet. It will be possible to use the joints to their full potential no earlier than 2–3 months after the operation.

Folk remedies

The range of folk remedies used in the treatment of hygroma is very wide and very diverse. However, unfortunately, not a single folk method guarantees getting rid of hygroma and, in fact, its effects are equivalent to physiotherapy. However, traditional methods can be used to reduce the severity of pain, relieve inflammation, improve blood circulation and joint mobility.
The most effective and safest are the following folk remedies for treating hygroma:

• Compress with ficus tincture. Pour half a glass of crushed fresh ficus leaves with alcohol or vodka and leave for 24 hours. Then moisten gauze in the infusion, apply it to the hygroma, cover it with film and insulate it with a woolen bandage. The compress is changed every two hours. Duration of therapy is 2 weeks.
• Ointment made from clay and sea salt. To prepare the ointment, mix one tablespoon of crushed red clay and sea salt. It is necessary to add water drop by drop to the mixture so that the result is a thick paste. This paste is applied to the hygroma and secured with a bandage, leaving for 10 - 12 hours. After this, the bandage is changed. Treatment is carried out for 3 – 4 weeks.
• Chestnut compress. Grind fresh chestnuts in a meat grinder and apply the pulp to the hygroma, securing it with a bandage. Change the compress every 3 - 4 hours, and carry out the course of treatment for 1 - 2 weeks.

Parents are concerned about hygroma in the child. This is one of the types of benign neoplasms. The tumor rarely degenerates into cancer, but can cause a lot of inconvenience to the patient. This pathology is not uncommon; it is successfully diagnosed and responds well to treatment. The basis for a successful outcome is a timely visit to a doctor.

Causes of hygroma in a child

Pathology is expressed by the appearance of a tumor in the joint area.

The neoplasm occurs more often in children 6-10 years old. Another name for the disease is synovial cyst. Hygroma is filled with liquid inside, so when palpated it is soft, sometimes round, but more often has an irregular shape. The pathology does not cause pain, but can cause inconvenience depending on its location - a hygroma under the knee or on the ankle prevents normal walking. Medicine does not have an exact answer about the nature of the disease. Presumably, the following factors provoke the disease:

• genetic predisposition;
• joint inflammation;
• excessive stress on the limbs;
• muscle strain;
• sprained ligaments and tendons;
• incorrect treatment of leg and arm injuries.

Symptoms

For children, the most dangerous location of the formation is the back of the head.

The manifestations of the cyst depend on the stage of its development. At first, the symptoms are very mild and do not cause complaints in the child. However, over time, the hygroma increases in size and causes pain. In addition, since all joints of the child’s body are susceptible to pathology, there are localization options that pose a real danger to life, for example, the tendon ganglion of the back of the head disrupts the blood supply to the brain and provokes the death of the child. An early sign is the appearance of a small, movable lump under the skin, which does not cause any discomfort. As you grow, the following symptoms appear:

• increase up to 6 cm;
• pain of a pulling or squeezing nature;
• structural changes in the skin over the cyst (peeling, hardening, roughness);
• joint inflammation;
• tingling and numbness;
• redness.

Localization and complications

Hygroma in children can be located in the following places:

The formation may appear in the area of ​​the wrist joint.

• back of the hand and palm;
• finger joints;
• knee area;
• elbow, ankle, wrist, shoulder and knee joints;
• brain;
• foot.

The location of the cyst determines possible complications in the absence of therapy, namely:

• Hygroma of the wrist. Leads to disruption of the blood supply to the hand and interferes with the normal motor function of the joint.
• Ankle cyst. Prevents the patient from walking.
• Hygroma of the foot. It is fraught with muscle inflammation and interferes with the conduction of nerves and blood vessels.
• Popliteal ganglion. Provokes a decrease in muscle tone in the leg.
• Neck cyst. It interferes with blood flow to the brain.
• New growth of the knee. It is dangerous to develop inflammation of the joint.

How is it diagnosed?

Based on specific symptoms, hygroma is successfully identified. During the appointment, the doctor will listen to complaints, collect and analyze anamnesis, and conduct examination and palpation. The doctor needs to differentiate a synovial cyst, since it can be confused with a lipoma and atheroma. To make a final diagnosis, instrumental diagnostic methods are used:

For diagnosis, a puncture of the formation is performed.

• Ultrasound examination of cysts and tissues. Allows you to determine the exact location, echogenicity and assess the condition of neighboring organs.
• X-ray. Used for difficult-to-reach hygroma locations.
• Puncture - taking a sample of cyst tissue for further histological examination. Allows you to determine the nature of the tumor with high accuracy.

Treatment of hygroma

Therapy for synovial cysts is ambiguous and largely depends on the location of the pathology and its size.

For example, hygroma of the foot in a child significantly reduces the quality of life and can slow down development if it occurs in early childhood, in which case removal is mandatory. A ganglion under the knee or on the arm does not cause such inconvenience, and taking into account the fact that in 40-60% of cases the pathology goes away on its own, the doctor will probably prescribe observation and examination twice a year. If there is still a need for therapy, then medicine uses traditional methods and surgical intervention.

Cyst removal

The formation can be removed using a laser.

There are three ways to surgically get rid of hygroma: puncture, laser excision and surgery. In the first case, the contents of the cyst are pulled out with a syringe through a puncture in the skin, after which a special sclerosing drug is injected into the cavity of the hygroma. This method is fraught with relapse; sometimes the puncture is performed several times. Laser excision means complete removal of the cyst through a small tissue incision; this is a gentle method that preserves the integrity of the muscles as much as possible. During the operation, the entire body of the hygroma is removed. Surgery is performed under general anesthesia and recovery takes about two months. Hygroma removal surgery is considered the most effective treatment method. However, intervention is carried out only if the child has difficulty walking, as well as in the case when the cyst grows and remains large in size for 2-3 years.

Hygroma in a child can form on different parts of the body, but often it appears on the leg or arm. In addition, quite often the tumor can be located on the back of the hand. Hygroma is a dense formation that forms due to the fact that the tissues are filled with fluid.

This type of tumor is mainly formed from the joint capsule, and sometimes from tendons. To date, pediatrics cannot explain the causes of formations of this kind in children. Presumably, hygroma can develop due to a number of factors:

• genetic predisposition;
• hand injury;
• inflammation of the joint.

As a rule, hygroma is localized on the palm or back of the wrist. This cyst is dense, and in its middle there is a gelatinous substance. Gradually, the mass accumulates, forming a compaction that can be felt upon palpation. And in some cases, the tumor is concentrated on the flexor muscles of the finger.

The nature of hygroma in a child is not the same as that of other tumors (fibromas, lipomas, atheromas); it never acquires a malignant form. Often in children, cyst-like lumps form in the wrist joint.

As a rule, this process occurs due to illiterate treatment of injuries, fractures, dislocation of the radius and frequent blows.

Therapy for a benign tumor on a child’s arm is aimed at preventing relapses of the disease. Today, the most effective treatment is surgical treatment of the formation, which involves excision of the ganglion and subsequent

An operation of this type is an absolute guarantee of the absence of relapses.

The child’s hygroma is excised under local anesthesia, and the duration of the surgical intervention is only 30 minutes. The sutures are removed after approximately 7 days.

If the size of the hygroma is impressive and its localization is complex, then the operation is best performed under general anesthesia, and in particular if the child is less than 10 years old.

Conservative therapy is used only when the hygroma is small in size. The most effective treatment methods include:

1. electrophoresis;
2. mud therapy;
3. paraffin applications;
4. ultraviolet irradiation.

Back in the 19th century, the method of “crushing” a cystic formation was actively used, with further suction of its contents and the introduction of various liquids (enzymes, hormones, iodine) into its cavity. But this method has a drawback - frequent relapses.

However, thanks to the achievements of modern medicine, the least blood loss is achieved in the treatment of hygroma. Today, special medical equipment allows surgery to be performed through a small puncture in the skin, and the duration of such surgical intervention is no more than twenty minutes.

In addition, three hours after the excision of the ganglion, further treatment of the child can be carried out at home.

Treatment of hygroma on a child’s arm using traditional medicine

Traditional medicine is rich in all kinds of recipes that help get rid of tumors in children. So, according to many people, hygroma can be successfully treated if you use a copper plate.

For this purpose, a small copper plate must be held over the fire, and then rinsed in salt water and applied to the cyst, fixing it with a bandage. The plate should be worn for at least 3 days, and then the procedure must be repeated.

You can also apply a lozenge containing honey and aloe to the affected area. So, you should knead the dough from rye flour, and then form it into a flat cake, to which you need to add medicinal aloe juice and honey.

Also, use cabbage. To do this, apply a generous layer of honey to a clean cabbage leaf, and then apply a compress overnight.

In addition, you can give your child freshly squeezed cabbage juice to drink before meals. Thus, he should drink up to 1 glass of this medicine per day. The duration of treatment with cabbage juice is at least 1 month.

Moreover, hygroma in a child is treated with kombucha bandaged to the tumor and the body of a jellyfish. It is also recommended to apply an alcohol lotion to the affected area, wrapping your hand well in a towel.

Hygroma removal

A tumor on a child’s arm can be treated using conservative and surgical methods. The type of therapy is determined by an orthopedist or traumatologist during an examination. In this case, the doctor takes into account the patient’s age, the specific course of the disease and other important factors.

Unfortunately, conservative therapy is only a temporary solution to the problem. This method does not bring the desired effect due to frequent relapses.

However, the methods of crushing and kneading hygroma, used in medical practice in the past, are no longer relevant. Despite the fact that even today some hospitals perform operations to puncture the tumor, into which therapeutic mud and sclerosing agents are injected, it is possible to get rid of the cyst only through complete surgery.

If the tumor is large, then the patient needs surgical intervention, which involves complete excision of the tumor. In addition, surgery is recommended if the hygroma grows within 2–3 years.

During the operation, the tumor capsule is completely removed along with everything involved. With high-quality surgical intervention, the outcome of hygroma treatment will be successful. But if areas of degenerative tissue remain on the sore arm after surgery, then its cells will multiply, which will lead to relapse in 8-20% of cases.

In addition, hygroma is removed in the following cases:

• unaesthetic appearance of the tumor (due to its large size);
• pain when moving your hand;
• rapid development of the cyst.

The main indication for surgery is rapid tumor growth. However, removing a large formation is associated with a lot of difficulties, especially if it is located next to nerves, tendons and ligaments. In addition, if the tumor grows, its excision will be more difficult.

In young children, surgery to remove a tumor formation is performed under general anesthesia, and if the child has crossed the ten-year age mark, then local anesthesia is used. In the process of excision of a hygroma, the surgeon pays main attention to its base.

In addition, the success of surgical treatment largely depends on the quality of examination of nearby tissues and excision of small cysts. Then the surgeon thoroughly rinses the cavity, sutures the wound and drains it with a rubber outlet. A compression bandage is then applied, and the sutures are removed after one week.

Hygroma (ganglion, synovial cyst) is a benign tumor that is localized in the places where the tendons are closest to the bone or connective tissue. The formation is a capsule filled with serous fluid mixed with mucus and fibrin.

In children, hygroma most often occurs in the periarticular area of ​​the arms and legs. The neoplasm does not have the ability to undergo malignancy - a malignant change in cells.

The tumor has an oval or irregular shape and a dense structure. Average tumor size? 0.5-3 cm. Hygroma looks like a lump or small nodule with a hard or soft consistency. The skin on the surface of the formation does not change. There is usually no peeling or redness on the bump.

Locations of hygroma:

• Wrist;
• Brushes;
• Knee-joint;
• Foot.

In isolated cases, the tumor forms in the neck or brain. Then it poses a threat to the health and life of the child.

Hygroma may consist of one or several parts. Single-chamber tumors have a dense consistency. These bumps resemble cartilage or bone in structure. When the tumor consists of several parts, it is elastic to the touch and has the ability to increase in size. In addition, multi-chamber hygromas can grow deep into the tissue, which complicates their removal.

On palpation, the lump is mobile and not fused to the skin. It is always associated with a joint or tendon sheath.

The shell and contents of the neoplasm are formed from connective tissue, the cells of which change properties as a result of continuous pathological division.

Causes

Synovial cysts often appear in children of high school age. Factors that provoke the degeneration of connective tissue cells:

1. Genetic predisposition;
2. Joint injuries;
3. Sprained tendons, ligaments;
4. Excessive physical activity;
5. Lack of physical activity.

At risk are children who play sports that involve systematic injuries to the limbs: boxing, football, basketball.

The development of a tumor is often associated with monotonous activities: playing musical instruments, embroidering, working on a computer.

There is another theory. Its founders associate the formation of hygroma with changes in cell structure. Some of the degenerated elements are transformed into a capsule surrounding the serous fluid. Cells of another type fill the membrane with thick contents. Together they form a rolling bump.

When a child attends sports clubs, the elastic fluid that fills the joint cavity begins to be produced in increased volume. Part of the capsule protrudes due to increased pressure, forming a subcutaneous tubercle. The same process occurs during monotonous activities associated with regular joint tension.

In some cases, a tumor may appear without apparent cause or prerequisites.

How to recognize a hygroma

The tumor is always located next to the joint. Hygroma is a subcutaneous lump with elastic or soft contents. Usually the formation is single, but sometimes several pieces grow.

The child may feel discomfort in the affected area during increased stress on the joint. When pressing on the tumor, acute pain occurs. This symptom is typical for seals located near nerves and tendons. Children often complain of dull pain in the area of ​​the lump that occurs after physical activity.

If the lump is small and localized under a ligament, it can go unnoticed for a long time. The tumor in this case manifests itself as pain when bending an arm or leg.

In 1/3 of situations, hygroma does not cause stiffness or discomfort in the child. It may go unnoticed if it doesn't start to grow.

Features of a tumor on the hand

Most often, hygroma in a child is localized on the wrist. This feature is associated with the complex structure of the nearby joint. Moreover, in 70% the tumor is found on the outside of the arm. A tumor on the wrist can cause inconvenience if it presses on a nerve or vessel. In this case, the child complains of tingling in the hand, dull pain when moving or grasping an object. Treatment is required when the hygroma causes discomfort and increases rapidly.

Localization of the tumor in the foot area usually requires surgical intervention. The lump is often damaged by shoes and causes discomfort when walking. Regular damage can lead to muscle tissue inflammation. For this reason, treatment is indicated even for small tumors.

Hygroma under the knee is removed if it interferes with bending the leg. Small lesions usually go away without treatment. However, in such tumors it is necessary to observe the dynamics of development.

Diagnostics

If you find a suspicious lump in a child, which is most often localized on the wrist, back of the hand or under the knee, you need to contact a surgeon. Additionally, the doctor may refer you to a traumatologist or orthopedist.

To distinguish a hygroma from a tumor of another type, studies are prescribed:

1. Radiography;
2. Magnetic resonance imaging.

Diagnostic results help to exclude osteoarticular pathologies and study the structure of the neoplasm. Material is rarely taken for histological examination, because the tumor does not have the ability to become malignant. A study of the contents is carried out to distinguish the ganglion from pathologies of the sebaceous glands and adipose tissue.

In most cases, a doctor's examination and an ultrasound examination are sufficient. Other procedures are performed for the purpose of differential diagnosis with similar neoplasms and when planning surgical intervention.

Conservative therapy

Hygroma resolves spontaneously in 50% of cases, without any measures. If the lump does not hurt or cause discomfort when moving, after diagnosis you need to periodically monitor the dynamics of its development.

The doctor chooses the method of treatment based on the medical history, the age of the child, and the location of the tumor.

If the growth of a tumor is provoked by excessive physical activity, it may be enough to relieve the pressure on the affected joint for self-healing. Conservative therapy is rarely used in practice due to the high rate of relapses.

If the tumor does not exceed 3 cm, the child’s parents may be offered the following methods:

Such methods of therapy rarely bring the desired effect. The percentage of tumor reappearance after conservative treatment is 80-90%.

In certain cases, the doctor may prescribe drug therapy and puncture of the tumor. The growth dynamics of the compaction are influenced by hormonal and sclerosing agents. Puncture is a procedure in which the contents of the tumor are pumped out using a special needle and endoscope. After complete removal of the fluid, antiseptics and antibacterial drugs are injected into the shell of the synovial cyst.

Warming, electrophoresis and exposure to ultraviolet rays are prescribed as additional methods. These procedures are not used as independent treatment.

The most effective method of treating hygroma in a child is surgical excision.

Tumor removal is carried out in the following cases:

1. Dynamic growth;
2. Limitation of joint mobility and loss of sensitivity;
3. Pain syndrome;
4. Threat of injury, infection entering the cavity of the capsule;
5. Cosmetic discomfort.

Large tumors are always removed surgically. Excision is necessary if the lump does not resolve within 2-3 years or begins to grow rapidly.

Hygroma removal methods:

• Surgery;
• Laser exposure.

Surgical method

In young children, the operation is performed under general anesthesia. If the child is over 10 years old, the hygroma is removed after local anesthesia is administered. An incision is made in the affected area. A tourniquet is applied above the excision area to bleed the operated area.

After removing the contents and the capsule itself, the cavity is washed with an antiseptic solution and sutured. A rigid bandage is used to immobilize the joint. This measure is necessary to prevent relapse. A drainage may be placed in the wound for 2-3 days if indicated. The duration of the operation is about 30 minutes.

The risk of relapse after removal of hygroma is 5-20%. Re-growth of the tumor occurs if some of the abnormal cells remain near the joint. The changed elements begin to actively divide. This process leads to the formation of a new compaction of the same nature.

Laser beam heating

The feasibility of laser removal of hygroma is determined using X-rays or magnetic resonance imaging. The advantage of the technique compared to surgical excision:

1. The procedure takes less time;
2. Neat seam;
3. Evaporation of cyst fluid occurs without involvement of surrounding tissues;
4. There is no scar left after healing;
5. Fast rehabilitation.

The operation is performed under local anesthesia. An incision is made over the tumor. Hygroma is removed by exposure to a high-energy beam. The manipulation is carried out with a carbon dioxide device, the action of which ensures coagulation of pathological cells and disinfection of the cavity. After laser exposure, the child is given a suture and an immobilizing bandage. The operation takes no more than 15 minutes.

Laser removal of hygroma is the most gentle procedure compared to surgical excision. But beam heating has disadvantages. The mouth of the capsule is not sutured, which often leads to relapse.

Traditional methods of treatment

Unconventional methods of eliminating hygroma are used as additional measures of conservative therapy.

Folk recipes will help you get rid of the bump:

Since the ganglion is difficult to recognize without the help of a doctor, home remedies are used after consultation with a surgeon. Compresses and heating can be dangerous for tumors that look like hygroma.

Complications

The most common complication of hygroma is re-filling of the cavity with serous fluid. Relapse occurs due to poor-quality treatment after surgery, lack of rest for the joint for a specified period, or failure to comply with the dressing regimen.

Possible consequences of surgical intervention include purulent tenosynovitis. This complication rarely occurs in children. Inflammation occurs when an infection gets into the wound.

Forecast

Children have a high probability of spontaneous disappearance of hygroma. It often resolves as the load on the joint decreases. Tumors located near large vessels pose a danger. The prognosis is favorable if the operation is performed on time.

The tumor does not threaten the child's life. If the lump grows rapidly, the operation should not be postponed. Timely removal of hygroma will save the child from joint problems in the future.