The very work that shocked the whole country, as Herzen would later say. Gogol reveals the images of the landowners in the poem Dead Souls, presenting us their portraits, drawing their characters, speaking in their words, showing their thoughts and actions.

Images of landlords briefly

In order to show us the inhumanity of the feudal lords - the nobles of that Russia, Gogol in Dead Souls creates images of landowners. We get to know them gradually, traveling with the hero Chichikov, who planned to buy up all the dead souls of serfs. In the created images, the landowners of the past, which the author describes, recognized themselves. Someone saw Manilov in himself, someone saw Korobochka, and someone noticed a resemblance to other characters. Let's take a closer look at the portrait characteristics of the heroes of the poem by analyzing their images in Dead Souls and writing our essay. Since in the lesson we examined in detail the work of Dead Souls, it will be easy to characterize the images. Let's start with the first hero - Manilov.

When Chichikov conceived his plan to buy up dead souls, he went to the county town in order to realize his plan. Here he pays visits to local landowners. The first on his way comes across Manilov. At first glance, this is a kind, caring and correct person. But this is just a first impression, but in reality everything is different. Only in words he is good, in fact he does not care for either relatives or serfs. Courtesy and integrity are feigned and he does it in order to find his place in the sun. All his pleasantness is nothing more than a mask behind which emptiness hides. All pretentiousness is revealed not only in the image of the hero, but also in the fallen arbor, which he calls the temple of solitude and reflection. The whole estate is abandoned, the peasants live in poverty, and their owner, lying on the sofa, now and then dreams of how he will build a bridge across the pond.

Then Chichikov meets Korobochka. Already by her last name, we can see that this is a narrow-minded woman. As the author will call her clubhead. By nature, this landowner is a hoarder, because she saves and saves every now and then. Accumulation is her passion, so she is completely mired in it, as in petty vital interests. She is not interested in what is outside, the main thing is not to sell too cheap and not to be deceived. So she does not agree to sell dead souls, in case they are still useful to her, or some other merchant will offer a better price. Its limitations and narrowness of interests are evident.

Following our hero Chichikov, we get to the next landowner. And here, in the image of Nozdrev's brother, we see a wasteful person, a player who lies without a twinge of conscience. This is a person who will cheat on cards without any problems, change for anything and lose everything. A person who lives aimlessly, squandering his fortune senselessly. The disorder of his nature is read not only in the image of the hero, but also in his household.

Further, the author introduces us to the image of Sobakevich in his work. Analyzing the hero, we see in Sobakevich a hoarder, whose economy is well-equipped, and everything else is solid. But he himself, like a bear, is rude and uncouth. He does not trust anyone, holding the opinion that in the world a swindler is a swindler. Selling souls, he also praises them, because he wants to sell goods at a higher price. This is a man whose main feature was profit. And there were a lot of those. This passion disfigured the soul and trampled on the morality of man. The author wrote that, a man who did not have a soul, and if he did, but not where it should.

1. The most interesting place in the poem is the chapters devoted to the five landowners.
2. The image of Manilov.
3. Image of the Box.
4. The image of Sobakevich.
5. The image of Nozdryov!
6. The image of Plushkin.
7. The role of the images of landowners in the novel.

The most interesting place in I. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" is the chapters devoted to five landowners: Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin. It is easy to see that the chapters are arranged in a special sequence: from the least to the greatest degree of degradation of the characters.

The surname of the landowner Manilov is derived from the verb "beckon". The main features of this character are dreaminess, sentimentality and laziness. Gogol characterizes his hero as follows: "...a man is so-so, neither this nor that, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan." Manilov's house is located on the Jura, which is blown by all the winds, which speaks of his frivolity and inability to think realistically. The landowner is very fond of indulging in his dreams in the gazebo, on which the inscription flaunts: "The Temple of Solitary Reflection." This is the only secluded place for Manilov, where he can calmly fantasize about some completely unrealistic projects. But, as it seems to him, digging an underground passage from the house or building a stone bridge across the pond are quite normal ideas. Housekeeping is not part of Manilov. In his estate, everything goes awry, and the hero does not even care about this.

Gogol says that Manilov's hospitality and good looks are too cloying: “In the first minute of a conversation with him, you cannot but say: “What a pleasant and kind person!” The next ... you won’t say anything, but the third you’ll say: “The devil knows what it is!” - and move away! .. ". This is manifested not only in the manners of the landowner, but also in his relationship with his wife. They lisp all the time with each other, and this amuses the author a lot.

The image of this hero has become one of the key for literature. From him came the name of such a phenomenon as "Manilovism", which means the unnaturalness of a person.

Another no less striking character in the story is the landowner Korobochka. Her surname was chosen by Gogol not by chance. By nature, the landowner is immensely economical and superstitious. The box belongs to the type of women who can cry for a crop failure, but still always save themselves a pretty penny. Her chest of drawers, besides all the nonsense, is filled with bags of money. The box is very petty, she only cares about housekeeping, in it she sees the meaning of life. Her entourage Gogol endows with "animal" surnames: Bobrov and Svinin, which once again emphasizes that the heroine is only passionate about her estate. The author highlights, among other "merits" of his character, his clubhead. Korobochka shows this quality in a situation where Chichikov is trying to negotiate with her about the sale of "dead souls". The heroine thinks that her interlocutor is going to dig up dead peasants from the graves. She is not in a hurry to sell her "wealth", but instead she tries to slip hemp and honey. Korobochka agrees to Chichikov's proposal only after he mentions the devil.

The next landowner visited by Chichikov was Sobakevich. His image was compiled by N.V. Gogol from everything big: big boots, cheesecakes “much larger than a plate”, “a turkey as tall as a calf”. Even the health of this character is heroic. Thanks to such descriptions, the author achieves a comic effect. Parodying the great feats of heroes, Gogol thereby emphasizes the true essence of Sobakevich himself, whose main qualities can be called rudeness and clumsiness. All items in the house are as bulky and clumsy as their owner: a table, chairs, a wooden bureau - everything seems to be shouting: “And I, too, Sobakevich!”. In his opinion, everyone around is liars and the last scammers. The human soul is not at all important to him, the interest for Sobakevich is only in money.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that Sobakevich is one of the most "dead souls" of the poem. There is nothing spiritual for him. Valuable for this hero are only money and things. He is only interested in "earthly" affairs.

The most striking character, in my opinion, is Nozdryov. This is the image of an inveterate reveler. The author is ironic about his character, speaking of him as a "historical" person. In relation to his hero, Gogol uses the figurative meaning of this word. Nozdryov's "historicism" lies in the fact that he always gets into some kind of story: either he gets drunk in the buffet, or he lies mercilessly about the supposedly acquired horse. Like any rake, he loves women. But the most important feature of Nozdrev's character is a great desire to "spoil one's neighbor." Not once did he commit despicable deeds. For example, he told fictitious stories, disrupted a wedding, upset a trade deal, etc. But the most outstanding thing in his character is that after all his tricks he, without a twinge of conscience, continued to consider himself a comrade of the victim.

According to tradition, in the poem, the situation in the house of each landowner corresponds to the character of his owner. So the dwelling of Nozdryov is saturated with the spirit of excitement and boasting. According to Nozdrev himself, in his possessions there was once "a fish of such size that two people could hardly pull out a thing." The walls of his choir are haphazardly filled with paint, as the peasants whitewash them. His office is filled with weapons instead of books and papers. Nozdryov likes to change one thing for another, but not because of money or some other material interest, but simply because he is fascinated by this process. Since all sorts of tricks are the main passion of the character, it is not difficult for him to cheat Chichikov, whom Nozdryov gets drunk and tries to deceive when playing checkers.

What else can be said about Nozdrev? His description will tell everything much better: “... he sometimes returned home with only one sideburn, and then quite thin. But his healthy and full cheeks were so well created and contained so much plant power that the sideburns soon grew again, even better than before.

And the final image in the gallery of Russian "dead souls" is a landowner named Plyushkin. As you know, in the poem all the surnames are speaking. Only "Plyushkin" is given in a figurative sense. It looks more like not a rich bun, but a completely dried-up cracker. The image of the landowner Plyushkin is very sloppy. Gogol mentions his double chin, which has to be constantly covered, as well as a greasy dressing gown, which causes nothing but disgust in the reader. The author gives his hero a very capacious definition: "a hole in humanity." This character is a symbol of decadent mood and decay of all living things. And again the house speaks for its owner: the bread in the pantries is rotting, the gates and the fence are covered with mold, and the roofs in the huts are completely leaky. Gogol adds a brief story about the fate of his hero, whose wife first died, and after that his daughter fled with the headquarters captain. These events were for Plyushkin the last moments of real life. After that time for the hero stopped.

All images of N. V. Gogol are very bright and unique in their own way. But there is one main idea that unites them. The author, showing illustrative examples of the degradation of mankind, urges readers not to become a "dead soul", but always remain "alive".

• Landowner Portrait Characteristic Manor Attitude towards housekeeping Lifestyle Outcome Manilov Handsome blond with blue eyes. At the same time, in his appearance "it seemed too sugar was transferred." Too ingratiating look and behavior Too enthusiastic and refined dreamer who does not feel any curiosity about his household or anything earthly (he does not even know if his peasants died after the last revision). At the same time, his daydreaming is absolutely […]
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• The poem "Dead Souls" reflects the social phenomena and conflicts that characterized Russian life in the 30s - early 40s. 19th century It very correctly noticed and described the way of life and customs of that time. Drawing images of the landowners: Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin, the author recreated a generalized picture of the life of serf Russia, where arbitrariness reigned, the economy was in decline, and the personality underwent moral degradation, regardless of whether it was the personality of a slave owner or [... ]

The five landlords are the first in a series of "dead souls." They are incapable of any lofty movement of the soul. They are limited and primitive in aspirations. They are vulgar people, because their interests are just as vulgar in their materiality. The spiritual world of the landlords is petty and insignificant. Things express their inner essence. Why are people so down to earth? Not only personal life is the reason for this, but also social conditions led to this.

Landlords are not specific people, they are also types that characterize entire groups of people like themselves. Gogol bitterly talks about man, about his fate in the modern world, about the absurdity of the state, where the owners are "Sobakevichi" and "Plyushkins".

One of the representatives of this layer is Manilov. Manilov's characteristic is negative. Detailing and irony of the author helps to understand this. He "was a prominent person, his features were not devoid of pleasantness, but this pleasantness, it seemed, was too sugary ... he smiled enticingly, was blond, with blue eyes." “At home, he spoke very little and for the most part thought and thought ...” Considering himself an educated person, he wants to “follow a kind of science so that it stirs the soul, it would give, so to speak, a kind of guy ...” Gogol makes it clear that Manilov’s thoughts do not have no reason: "In his office there was always some kind of book, bookmarked on the fourteenth page, which he had been constantly reading for two years." The surrounding things, the whole way of life, the thoughts, feelings and actions of this hero clearly indicate that Manilov is a “so-so” person, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan.

The box is also a representative of the landlords. Gogol does not like Korobochka. He is also annoyed by the "old dress", tidied up just in case; and a clock hissing like snakes, old wallpaper and an abundance of flies. Time in Korobochka's house stopped forever. It pulls you to sleep and the windows overlook the barnyard. The hostess has grown together with her household and turned into a part of it. "Korobochka" is not just a surname, it is a way of life and thoughts. It is not for nothing that the word “clubhead” sounds from the lips of Chichikov, an active and active person. The box does not know how to think differently than it is used to. She is afraid of it. Her "club head" - fear of the unusual and stupidity.

In the story, the author speaks ironically about all the landowners. Among them is Nozdrev - a lively and restless person. So why is he a dead soul? In the character of Nozdrev, Gogol highlights his aimless activity, his constant readiness to do something: “... he suggested that you go anywhere, even to the ends of the world, enter into whatever enterprise you want, change everything for whatever you want.” But Nozdryov does not complete a single business he has begun, since all his undertakings are aimless. This scorcher simply, without any shame, boasts and deceives everyone who meets him. According to him, in his stable there is a bay stallion, "for which Nozdryov is afraid that he paid ten thousand." But the field of "Russians is such a death that the earth is not visible," he even caught one himself "by the hind legs." Nozdrev is a man without principles. His appearance always speaks of a coming scandal: “Not a single meeting where he was was without a story. Some kind of story was bound to happen: either he would be led out of the gendarme hall by the arms, or his own friends would be forced. If this does not happen, then nevertheless something will happen that will not happen with others. The author ironically calls Nozdryov a "historical man".

Speaking of dead souls, Gogol leads readers to the idea that the real "dead souls" are the souls of landowners who have long ceased to dream of something lofty, who only care about their own existence and enrichment in any way. Such is Sobakevich. He is rude and clumsy. His appearance is frightening: when Chichikov looked askance at Sobakevich, this time he seemed to him very similar to a medium-sized bear ... his tailcoat was completely bear-colored ... he stepped at random and stepped on other people's feet incessantly. Approaching the village of Sobakevich, Chichikov drew attention to the solid buildings. The owner does not care about beauty, but not everything in the house is stable. Each thing is clumsy and, as it were, says: “And I, too, Sobakevich!” In a conversation with Chichikov, he expresses anger towards others. All, in his opinion, are scammers: "They will kill you for a penny." The author hates both characters. Each of them wants to fool the other and is afraid that they will fool him. Sobakevich, unlike previous heroes, is associated with economic activity. He is cunning, but Gogol constantly exposes him, paying particular attention to his values. Sobakevich's interests are limited. The purpose of his life is material enrichment and a hearty meal. With all this, Sobakevich is a good owner, his peasants live well. Whether he was born a bear or his life “beared” is more of a misfortune than a hero’s fault.

Each landowner encountered in the poem, due to some of his shortcomings, catches the eye of the reader. So the landowner Stepan Plyushkin surprises us with the management of his household. In the sixth chapter, Gogol describes the death of his soul. All possessions of this hero are imbued with longing. Chichikov immediately noticed "some special dilapidation on all village buildings." The description of the estate emphasizes the desolation of the soul of the landowner. Everything here is lifeless. Plyushkin's space cannot be seen with one glance. Everything opens up gradually for the protagonist and readers, even the house "in places one floor, in places two ... looked like some kind of decrepit invalid ... long, unreasonably long." The landowner's room also emphasizes his nature: "It was impossible to say that a living creature lived in this room." But once Plyushkin "was a thrifty owner." He had a wife, children. So what happened to him? The fact is that his wife died, the eldest daughter and son left, and soon the youngest daughter also died. And the man left alone lost control of himself. He was possessed by a thirst for enrichment. Now things no longer belong to him, but he belongs to them and depends on them. He distanced himself forever from his children, friends, and even the peasants around him. Plyushkin considers them swindlers, lazybones: “After all, I’ve been running for a year,” Plyushkin complains. And in the end, Gogol tells ours that this landowner "turned ... into some kind of hole in humanity." So, in Plyushkin we see a greedy, miserly person, but at the same time we feel sorry for him. The whole life of the hero has developed due to the once unfortunate events that happened. Through the image of Plyushkin, the reader understands that the thirst for hoarding leads only to poverty. Plyushkin turned into a stingy beast, an animal, and even lost the outward signs of sex.

Show skill N.V. Gogol in the description of the characters of the landlords in the poem "Dead Souls".

Decor:

1. Portraits of Chichikov and landowners.
2. The text of the poem "Dead Souls".
3. Presentation “Images of landowners in the poem by N.V. Gogol's Dead Souls. (Annex 1)
4. Fragments of the video film "Dead Souls". (DVD series “Russian Classics”)

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizing moment (greeting).

The message of the topic of the lesson, goal setting.

II. Introduction by the teacher.

In the poem Dead Souls, images of landlords, these “masters of life”, who are responsible for its economic and cultural state, for the fate of the people, are drawn close-up.

What are they, the masters of life? A plan is proposed to analyze the images of the landowners. slide 2

III. Analysis of the image of Manilov.

Which of the landowners does Chichikov visit first? slide 3

When does the first meeting between Chichikov and Manilov take place? View V ideofragment “Chichikov at Manilov”

Task: using the plan-reminder, tell about Manilov. Performance of the 1st group of students.

What detail in the description of the hero is predominant?

What is hidden behind Manilov's smile? How does the author characterize the hero? ?

A pleasant Manilov smile for everyone is a sign of deep indifference to everything around; such people are not capable of experiencing anger, sorrow, joy.

With the help of what details does Gogol give a comic coloring to the images of his characters?

An integral part of Gogol's portrait drawing are poses, clothes, movements, gestures, facial expressions. With their help, the writer enhances the comic coloring of the images, reveals the true essence of the hero. Manilov's gestures testify to mental impotence, the inability to comprehend what goes beyond the limits of his miserable little world.

What is the distinguishing feature of Manilov?

His main psychological trait is the desire to please everyone and always.

Manilov is a calm observer of everything that happens; bribe-takers, thieves, embezzlers of public funds - all the most respectable people for him. Manilov is an indefinite person, there are no living human desires in him. This is a dead soul, a “so-so, neither this nor that” person.

Conclusion. slide 4

Instead of a real feeling, Manilov has a “pleasant smile”, sugary courtesy and a sensitive phrase; instead of thought - some kind of incoherent, stupid reflections, instead of activity - either empty dreams, or such results of "labor", as "hills of ash knocked out of a pipe, placed not without diligence in very beautiful rows."

IV. Analysis of the image of the Box.

Give a brief summary of Chapter 3.

What can you learn about Korobochka's main character trait from a direct author's description?

Gogol does not hide the irony regarding her mental abilities: she thought, opened her mouth, looked almost with fear. “Well, the woman seems to be strong-browed!”

The essence of Korobochka's character is especially visible through the dialogic speech of the characters. The dialogue between Korobochka and Chichikov is a masterpiece of comedy art. This conversation can be called a dialogue of the deaf.

Watching the video fragment “Dialogue between Korobochka and Chichikov”

What character traits of Korobochka came to light in the bargaining scene?

She was not embarrassed by the trade in dead souls, she is ready to trade in the dead, only she is afraid to sell too cheap. It is characterized by tedious slowness and caution. She went to the city to find out how much "dead souls" are being sold these days.

What is the position of the peasants near Korobochka?

The village is a source of honey, bacon, hemp, which Korobochka sells. She also trades with peasants.

Draw a conclusion about the meaning of housekeeping Boxes .

It turns out that landlord thrift can have the same vile, inhuman meaning as mismanagement.

What made the Box like this?

Traditions in the conditions of patriarchal life suppressed Korobochka's personality, stopped her intellectual development at a very low level; all aspects of life not connected with hoarding remained inaccessible to her.

Task: using the plan-reminder, tell about the Box. Performance of the 2nd group of students

Conclusion : slide 6

The "Cudgel-Headed" Box is the embodiment of those traditions that have developed among provincial small landowners who are engaged in subsistence farming.

She is a representative of the outgoing, dying Russia, and there is no life in her, since she is turned not to the future, but to the past.

V. Analysis of the image of Nozdryov.

It consists of separate fragments that tell about the habits of the hero, episodes from his life, manners and behavior in society. Each of these sketches is a concise story that reveals one or another trait of his character: drunken revelry, a passion for changing everything, an addiction to playing cards, empty vulgar talk, sheer lies.

How is Nozdryov's desire to lie revealed?

Turkish daggers are shown in Nozdryov's office, one of which was carved: master Savely Sibiryakov.

What is the character's speech ?

Swearing speech: fetyuk, piggy, scoundrel, rubbish. And this reveals not only a personal, but also a social trait. He is sure that he is allowed to offend and deceive with impunity - after all, he is a landowner, a nobleman, the master of life.

What are the life goals of Nozdrev ?

Profit is not dear to Nozdryov: this tavern hero is in no way suitable for the role of an acquirer. He is possessed by a thirst for pleasures - those that are available to his dirty soul. And Nozdryov harms his neighbor with pleasure, without any malicious intentions, even good-naturedly, since his neighbor is only a means or source of pleasure for him. Pleasure denied or it did not take place: “fetyuk”, “scoundrel”, “rubbish”

Assignment: using the plan-memo, tell about Nozdryov Presentation of the 3rd group of students

Conclusion. Slide 8

In general, Nozdryov is an unpleasant person, since he completely lacks the concepts of honor, conscience, and human dignity.

Nozdryov's energy turned into a scandalous fuss, aimless and destructive.

VI. Analysis of Sobakevich's image.

What details-things does Gogol use when characterizing Sobakevich ?

Description of the manor house: “…a wooden house with a mezzanine was seen…”…In a word, everything he looked at was stubbornly, without shaking, in some kind of strong and clumsy order.

The Greek heroes in the pictures in his living room were sturdy, with thick sunbeds unheard of mustache.

Is there a difference in the characterization of Sobakevich in the 1st and 5th chapters?

In the 1st chapter, Sobakevich is characterized as a person "clumsy in appearance." This quality is emphasized and deepened in chapter 5: he is like "a medium-sized bear." The author persistently plays with the word “bear”: a bear-colored tailcoat, his name was Mikhail Semyonovich.

What strikes in the portrait of Sobakevich?

In the portrait, first of all, the complexion is striking: “..stone, hot, which happens on a copper penny”;

“It is known that there are many such persons in the world, over the decoration of which nature did not think long, did not use any small tools, such as files, gimlets and other things, but simply chopped from the whole shoulder: she grabbed with an ax once - her nose came out, she had enough in the other - her lips came out, she poked her eyes with a large drill ... "

“Chichikov glanced sideways at him once more as they passed into the dining room: a bear! Perfect bear!”

Why is Chichikov careful in his conversation with Sobakevich: he did not call the souls dead, but only non-existent?

Sobakevich immediately “felt” that the proposed deal was a scam. But he didn't even blink.

“Do you need dead souls? Sobakevich asked very simply, without the slightest surprise, as if they were talking about bread.

Assignment: using the memo plan, tell about SobakevichSpeech of the 4th group of students

Chichikov is right when he thinks that Sobakevich would have remained a kulak even in St. Petersburg, although he was brought up in fashion. Yes, it would have turned out even worse: “if he tried a little the tops of some science, he would let you know later, taking a more visible place. To all those who actually learned some kind of science.

Sobakevich, like Korobochka, is smart and practical in a businesslike way: they do not ruin the peasants, because it is unprofitable for them. They know that in this world everything is bought and sold.

VII. Analysis of the image of Plushkin.

The theme of moral decline, the spiritual death of the "masters of life" ends with a chapter dedicated to Plyushkin.

Plyushkin is the last portrait in the gallery of landowners. Before us is the complete collapse of the human in man.

How and why a hard-working owner turned into a “hole in humanity” ?

Why does the chapter on Plyushkin begin with a digression about youth?

Why Gogol details the story of Plyushkin's life ?

Gogol refers to the past of the hero, since the moral ugliness is the same as that of other landlords: soul ownership, which gives rise to soullessness, loss of ideas about the meaning of life, about moral duty, about responsibility for everything that happens around. The tragedy of Plyushkin is that he lost touch with people. He sees in everyone, even in his own children and grandchildren, enemies who are ready to plunder good.

The image of Plyushkin is the embodiment of extreme dilapidation and moldiness, and in the description of objects associated with him, Gogol reflected these qualities.

Find in the text the artistic means by which the author reveals the essence of the image of Plyushkin .

Dilapidation on all the buildings, the log on the huts was dark and old, the roofs pierced through like a sieve, the fence was broken ...

Assignment: using the memo plan, tell about Plyushkin. Performance of the 5th group of students

Conclusion. slide 12

Mold, dust, rot, death just wafts from the Plyushkin estate. Other details also chill the heart: the old man did not give a penny to either his daughter or his son.

So, for what purpose is the image of Plyushkin displayed in the poem ?

Consistently, from hero to hero, Gogol exposes the worthless life of the landowners.

The images of the landlords are given in proportion to their spiritual impoverishment and moral decline.

It is shown how the disintegration of the human personality gradually took place.

Once Plyushkin was only a thrifty owner. The thirst for enrichment turned him into a miser, isolated him from society.

In his image, one of the varieties of spiritual death is revealed. Plyushkin's image is typical.

Gogol exclaimed bitterly: “And a person could descend to such insignificance, pettiness, vileness! Could have changed! And does it look like it's true? Everything looks like the truth, everything can happen to a person.

VIII. Similarities between Chichikov and the landowners.

The character of Chichikov is multifaceted, the hero turns out to be a mirror of the landowner he meets, because he has the same qualities that form the basis of the characters of the landowners.

IX. Crossword . Slides 15 to 24

X. Summing up.

XI. Homework.

1. Fill in the table according to the plan:

• brief description of the landowner;
• description of the estate of the landowner;
• description of a joint meal;
• how the landowners react to Chichikov's proposal;
• further actions of the landowners.

2. Write an essay - a miniature “Why did Chichikov visit the landowners in such a sequence?”